a list of parameters containing a number
maxDepth (default : 5), a number maxDepth (default : 3),
and a generating function for elements generator that define the
characteristics of the array on the generator.
a function to generate each element of the tree (required)
the maximum degree of the tree
the maximum depth of the tree
the generated tree
Given a integer
aDepth, returns a tree that is constituted of all the integers from 1 (at the root) to 2^(aDepth+1) - 1. The integers are ordered depth by depth, namely 1 at depth 0, 2 to 3 at depth 1, 4 to 7 at depth 2 and so on.