Matrices

Matrix functions

EXAMPLES:

...

TODO:

  • Discrete geometry code should use projection_matrix from here
slabbe.matrices.Minkowski_embedding_without_sqrt2(self, B=None, prec=None)

This method is a modification of the Minkowski_embedding method of NumberField in sage (without sqrt2).

EXAMPLES:

sage: from slabbe.matrices import Minkowski_embedding_without_sqrt2
sage: F.<alpha> = NumberField(x^3+2)
sage: F.minkowski_embedding()
[ 1.00000000000000 -1.25992104989487  1.58740105196820]
[ 1.41421356237309 0.890898718140339 -1.12246204830937]
[0.000000000000000  1.54308184421705  1.94416129723967]
sage: Minkowski_embedding_without_sqrt2(F)
[  1.00000000000000  -1.25992104989487   1.58740105196820]
[  1.00000000000000  0.629960524947437 -0.793700525984099]
[ 0.000000000000000   1.09112363597172   1.37472963699860]
sage: Minkowski_embedding_without_sqrt2(F, [1, alpha+2, alpha^2-alpha])
[ 1.00000000000000 0.740078950105127  2.84732210186307]
[ 1.00000000000000  2.62996052494744 -1.42366105093154]
[0.000000000000000  1.09112363597172 0.283606001026881]
sage: Minkowski_embedding_without_sqrt2(F) * (alpha + 2).vector().column()
[0.740078950105127]
[ 2.62996052494744]
[ 1.09112363597172]

Tribo:

sage: F.<beta> = NumberField(x^3-x^2-x-1)
sage: F.minkowski_embedding()
[  1.00000000000000   1.83928675521416   3.38297576790624]
[  1.41421356237309 -0.593465355971987 -0.270804762516626]
[ 0.000000000000000  0.857424571985895 -0.719625086862932]
sage: Minkowski_embedding_without_sqrt2(F)
[  1.00000000000000   1.83928675521416   3.38297576790624]
[  1.00000000000000 -0.419643377607080 -0.191487883953119]
[ 0.000000000000000  0.606290729207199 -0.508851778832738]

Comprendre le problème de norme:

sage: norme = lambda v:abs(v[0]) * (v[1]^2 + v[2]^2)
sage: F.<beta> = NumberField(x^3-x^2-x-1)
sage: M = Minkowski_embedding_without_sqrt2(F)
sage: norme(M*vector((1,0,0)))
1.00000000000000
sage: norme(M*vector((1,0,-1)))
4.00000000000000
slabbe.matrices.Minkowski_projection_pair(self, B=None, prec=None)

Return the projections to the expanding and contracting spaces.

OUTPUT:

  • tuple (A, B) of matrices

EXAMPLES:

sage: from slabbe.matrices import Minkowski_projection_pair
sage: F.<alpha> = NumberField(x^3+2)
sage: Minkowski_projection_pair(F)
(
[  1.00000000000000  -1.25992104989487   1.58740105196820]
[  1.00000000000000  0.629960524947437 -0.793700525984099]
[ 0.000000000000000   1.09112363597172   1.37472963699860], []
)
sage: Minkowski_projection_pair(F, [1, alpha+2, alpha^2-alpha])
(
[ 1.00000000000000 0.740078950105127  2.84732210186307]
[ 1.00000000000000  2.62996052494744 -1.42366105093154]
[0.000000000000000  1.09112363597172 0.283606001026881], []
)

Tribo:

sage: F.<beta> = NumberField(x^3-x^2-x-1)
sage: Minkowski_projection_pair(F)
(
[1.000000000000000000000000000000 1.839286755214161132551852564671
3.382975767906237494122708536521],
[  1.00000000000000 -0.419643377607080 -0.191487883953119]
[ 0.000000000000000  0.606290729207199 -0.508851778832738]
)
slabbe.matrices.conjugate_matrix_Z(M)

Return the conjugate matrix Z as defined in [1].

EXAMPLES:

sage: from slabbe.matrices import conjugate_matrix_Z
sage: M = matrix(2, [11,29,14,-1])
sage: conjugate_matrix_Z(M)       # abs tol 1e-8
[11.674409930010482  27.69820597163912]
[14.349386111618157  -1.67440993001048]
sage: conjugate_matrix_Z(M)^2     # abs tol 1e-8
[533.7440993001048 276.9820597163913]
[143.4938611161816 400.2559006998952]
sage: M = matrix(2, [-11,14,-26,29])
sage: conjugate_matrix_Z(M)     # abs tol 1e-8
[ 7.200000000000004  4.199999999999998]
[ 7.799999999999995 10.800000000000002]
sage: conjugate_matrix_Z(M) * 5     # abs tol 1e-8
[ 36.00000000000002 20.999999999999993]
[ 38.99999999999998 54.000000000000014]
sage: M = matrix(2, [-11,26,-14,29]) / 15
sage: conjugate_matrix_Z(M)     # abs tol 1e-8
[ 0.5999999999999999  0.3999999999999999]
[0.39999999999999986  0.5999999999999999]

REFERENCES:

[1] Labbé, Jean-Philippe, et Sébastien Labbé. « A Perron theorem for matrices with negative entries and applications to Coxeter groups ». arXiv:1511.04975 [math], 16 novembre 2015. http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.04975.

slabbe.matrices.is_nonnegative(M)

EXAMPLES:

sage: from slabbe.matrices import is_nonnegative
sage: m = matrix(4, range(-8,8))
sage: is_nonnegative(m)
False
sage: m = matrix(4, range(16))
sage: is_nonnegative(m)
True
slabbe.matrices.is_pisot(M)

EXAMPLES:

sage: from slabbe.matrices import is_pisot
sage: M = matrix(2,[1,1,0,1])
sage: is_pisot(M)
False
sage: M = matrix(2,[0,1,1,1])
sage: is_pisot(M)
True
slabbe.matrices.is_positive(M)

EXAMPLES:

sage: from slabbe.matrices import is_positive
sage: m = matrix(4, range(16))
sage: is_positive(m)
False
sage: m = matrix(4, range(1,17))
sage: is_positive(m)
True
slabbe.matrices.is_primitive(M)

EXAMPLES:

sage: from slabbe.matrices import is_primitive
sage: m = matrix(2, [0,1,1,1])
sage: is_primitive(m)
True
sage: m = matrix(2, [1,1,0,1])
sage: is_primitive(m)
False
slabbe.matrices.map_coefficients_to_variable_index(M, x)

INPUT:

  • M – matrix
  • x – string, variable

EXAMPLES:

sage: from slabbe.matrices import map_coefficients_to_variable_index
sage: M = matrix(2, range(4))
sage: map_coefficients_to_variable_index(M, 's')
[s_0 s_1]
[s_2 s_3]
sage: latex(_)
\left(\begin{array}{rr}
s_{0} & s_{1} \\
s_{2} & s_{3}
\end{array}\right)
slabbe.matrices.perron_right_eigenvector(M)

EXAMPLES:

sage: from slabbe.matrices import perron_right_eigenvector
sage: m = matrix(2,[-11,14,-26,29])
sage: perron_right_eigenvector(m)    # abs tol 0.0000001
(15.0, (0.35, 0.65))
slabbe.matrices.projection_matrix(dim_from=3, dim_to=2)

Return a projection matrix from R^d to R^l.

INPUT:

  • dim_from` -- integer (default: ``3)
  • dim_to` -- integer (default: ``2)

OUTPUT:

matrix

EXAMPLES:

sage: from slabbe.matrices import projection_matrix
sage: projection_matrix(3,2)
[-0.866025403784439  0.866025403784439  0.000000000000000]
[-0.500000000000000 -0.500000000000000   1.00000000000000]
sage: projection_matrix(2,3)
[-0.577350269189626 -0.333333333333333]
[ 0.577350269189626 -0.333333333333333]
[ 0.000000000000000  0.666666666666667]
slabbe.matrices.rauzy_projection(M, beta=None, prec=53)

Returns a projection matrix of the canonical basis using the Minkowski embedding associated to the left eigenvector of the given eigenvalue.

INPUT:

  • beta - a real element of QQbar of degree >= 2 (default: None). The eigenvalue used for the projection. It must be an eigenvalue of M. The one used by default is the maximal eigenvalue of M (usually a Pisot number), but matrices of order larger than 3 letters other interesting choices are sometimes possible.
  • prec - integer (default: 53), the number of bits used in the floating point representations of the coordinates.

OUTPUT:

matrix

EXAMPLES:

Fibonacci:

sage: from slabbe.matrices import rauzy_projection
sage: m = matrix(2,(1,1,1,0))
sage: m
[1 1]
[1 0]
sage: rauzy_projection(m)
[ 1.000000000000000000000000000000 -1.618033988749894848204586834366]
[ 1.000000000000000000000000000000 0.6180339887498948482045868343656]

Tribonacci:

sage: m = matrix(3, [1,1,1, 1,0,0, 0,1,0])
sage: rauzy_projection(m)
[  1.00000000000000  0.839286755214161  0.543689012692076]
[  1.00000000000000  -1.41964337760708 -0.771844506346038]
[ 0.000000000000000  0.606290729207199  -1.11514250803994]
sage: matrix(2,(0,1,0, 0,0,-1))*rauzy_projection(m)
[  1.00000000000000  -1.41964337760708 -0.771844506346038]
[ 0.000000000000000 -0.606290729207199   1.11514250803994]

which corresponds to the Rauzy fractal projection coded by Timo:

sage: s = WordMorphism('1->12,2->13,3->1')
sage: s.rauzy_fractal_projection()
{'1': (1.00000000000000, 0.000000000000000),
 '2': (-1.41964337760708, -0.606290729207199),
 '3': (-0.771844506346038, 1.11514250803994)}

TESTS:

sage: t = WordMorphism('1->12,2->3,3->45,4->5,5->6,6->7,7->8,8->1')
sage: m = matrix(t)
sage: rauzy_projection(m).T
[  1.00000000000000   1.00000000000000  0.000000000000000]
[ 0.324717957244746  -1.66235897862237  0.562279512062301]
[ 0.430159709001947  0.784920145499027  -1.30714127868205]
[ 0.245122333753307   1.87743883312335  0.744861766619744]
[ 0.324717957244746  -1.66235897862237  0.562279512062301]
[ 0.430159709001947  0.784920145499027  -1.30714127868205]
[ 0.569840290998053  0.215079854500973   1.30714127868205]
[ 0.754877666246693 -0.877438833123346 -0.744861766619744]
sage: t.rauzy_fractal_projection()
{'1': (1.00000000000000, 0.000000000000000),
 '2': (-1.66235897862237, -0.562279512062301),
 '3': (0.784920145499027, 1.30714127868205),
 '4': (1.87743883312335, -0.744861766619744),
 '5': (-1.66235897862237, -0.562279512062301),
 '6': (0.784920145499027, 1.30714127868205),
 '7': (0.215079854500973, -1.30714127868205),
 '8': (-0.877438833123346, 0.744861766619744)}
sage: E = t.incidence_matrix().eigenvalues()
sage: x = [x for x in E if -0.8 < x < -0.7][0]
sage: x
-0.7548776662466928?
sage: rauzy_projection(m, beta=x).T
[  1.00000000000000   1.00000000000000  0.000000000000000]
[ -1.75487766624669 -0.122561166876654  0.744861766619744]
[  1.32471795724475 -0.662358978622373  0.562279512062301]
[ -4.07959562349144 -0.460202188254281  0.182582254557443]
[  3.07959562349144 -0.539797811745719 -0.182582254557443]
[ -2.32471795724475 -0.337641021377627 -0.562279512062301]
[  1.75487766624669  0.122561166876654 -0.744861766619744]
[ -1.32471795724475  0.662358978622373 -0.562279512062301]
sage: t.rauzy_fractal_projection(eig=x)
{'1': (1.00000000000000, 0.000000000000000),
 '2': (-0.122561166876654, -0.744861766619744),
 '3': (-0.662358978622373, -0.562279512062301),
 '4': (-0.460202188254281, -0.182582254557443),
 '5': (-0.539797811745719, 0.182582254557443),
 '6': (-0.337641021377627, 0.562279512062301),
 '7': (0.122561166876654, 0.744861766619744),
 '8': (0.662358978622373, 0.562279512062301)}

AUTHORS:

  • Timo Jolivet (2012-06-16) – for substitutions in Sage
  • Sébastien Labbé (2018-03-08) – for matrices, using Minkowski embedding
slabbe.matrices.recurrence_matrix(coeffs)

Return the recurrence matrix of a relation, for example:

INPUT:

  • coeffs – list of integers, for example if R(n) = R(n-1) + 2 R(n-2) + 3R(n-3) + 4R(n-4) + 5R(n-5) then coeff must be [1,2,3,4,5]

EXAMPLES:

sage: from slabbe.matrices import recurrence_matrix
sage: recurrence_matrix([1,2,3,4,5])
[1 2 3 4 5]
[1 0 0 0 0]
[0 1 0 0 0]
[0 0 1 0 0]
[0 0 0 1 0]
slabbe.matrices.spectrum(M)

EXAMPLES:

sage: from slabbe.matrices import spectrum, recurrence_matrix
sage: M = recurrence_matrix([1,2,3,4,5])
sage: spectrum(M)
2.576021761956651?