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Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have evolved, enhancing road safety. They are based on WAVE and ETSI ITS-G5, using IEEE 802.11p for short-range vehicle-to-vehicle communication. WAVE, the American standard, incorporates protocols from IEEE 1609 and uses the 5.9 GHz band for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications.
ETSI ITS-G5, its European equivalent, follows the ETSI ITS architecture and also exploits this band for reliable V2X communications. These standards form the basis of the service layer, enabling the Cooperative Awareness Service (CAService) and the Decentralized Environmental Notification Service (DENService). CAService broadcasts Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs), containing periodic vehicle updates, while DENService transmits Decentralized Environmental Notification Messages (DENMs) for urgent warnings. The service layer is part of a multi-layered architecture suited to a variety of traffic environments. Despite these advances, level crossings (RLCs) remain critical points of road-rail interaction, requiring robust communication architectures and adaptive algorithms to meet latency, reliability and scalability requirements. This thesis proposes a hybrid ITS-G5 and LTE 4G/5G communication architecture, integrating edge computing for low-latency local processing and the cloud for global analysis. This approach optimizes CAM and DENM transmission, particularly in urban environments.
 

Amphi F (Enseirb-Matméca)